详细信息:The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) system, a superfamily of cytokines as well as signaling pathways, is highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom. TGFβ functions in angiogenesis, wound healing and embryonic development, In addition this family plays a critical role in immunity, heart disease, and cancer. In its normal state TGFβ is one of the few classes of proteins able to inhibit cell growth by halting mitosis at the G1 state, inducing cell differentiation or apoptosis. However, during oncogenesis mutations in the TGFβ signaling pathway result in tumor cell resistance to the effects of normally functioning TGFβ, causing proliferation without regulation. Initial research suggests that VE-cadherin may enhance the mutated TGFβ signaling pathway, while other research indicates that DNA methylation plays a role in pathway mutation.
Secreted TGFβ cytokine exists in three isoforms: TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3. Secreted by most immune cells, TGFβ1 plays a critical role in controlling the immune system, acting on cells differently depending on cell type as well as stage of differentiation. TGFβ2, also know as glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor (G-TSF), plays a role in embryonic development and has the ability to suppress the effects of interleukin-dependent T-cell tumors. TGFβ3 regulates cellular adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix formation, as well as lung and palate development. TGFβ3 deficiency during mammalian development results in the cleft palate deformity. In addition TGFβ3 controls wound healing by regulating epidermal and dermal cell movement in injured skin.
TGFβ’s involvement in basic biological processes and the opposing roles that both the normal and mutated proteins play in tumor cell proliferation emphasizes the importance of this cytokine in a variety of research areas. Based on the Luminex xMAP platform, our MILLIPLEX MAP Multi-Species TGFβ1 Single Plex and TGFβ 3-plex kits have been optimized for performance and ease-of-use.
